Category: Biology of Information
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a psychology of real-life decision-making
“Toward a psychology of real-life decision-making” Understanding human decision-making processes in everyday life is a central, yet rarely addressed, challenge in psychology. Either real-life complexity is reduced by isolating specific aspects of decision-making in highly constrained experimental settings, yielding insights into specific cognitive mechanisms under idealized conditions, or decision-making is studied in real-life contexts, using…
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INTEROCEPTIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
“Life-inspired interoceptive artificial intelligence for autonomous and adaptive agents” and free to read Despite remarkable advances in artificial intelligence (AI), building agents that can autonomously pursue goals while adapting to continuously changing environments remains a fundamental challenge. Living organisms naturally exhibit such adaptive autonomy, offering a compelling source of inspiration for how artificial systems might…
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Structure Inference Improves From Childhood to Adulthood
“Structure Inference in Complex Environments Improves From Childhood to Adulthood” also available on website of Aaron M. Bornstein. Early in development, children can infer latent structure in the world from sparse and ambiguous evidence. Through a process known as structure learning, they extract statistical regularities, construct causal models from those regularities, and use those models…
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Four faces of information in natural systems
Ever wonder what “information” really means? Here‘s a new paper, that lays out the multiple ways the term is used in natural science. Instead of arguing for a single valid interpretation, the paper proposes a pluralistic view where rigorous alternatives coexist — each with affordances and limits. The idea of ‘information’ has been instrumental to…
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In de wolk of op de grond? – Is AI dan toch intelligent?
Ik was aangenaam verrast met de volgende uitspraak en de verduidelijking die ze me aanreikte: “Man with head in the clouds and feet on the ground, he very big man.”Niet echt een “quote” of gezegde, maar toch aangehaald om te verwijzen naar de groten der aarde. “Einstein was a giant. His head was in the…
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Brain rhythms – predictive processing perspective
“Brain rhythms of depression: A predictive processing perspective” Findings from electroencephalography studies converge on the notion that depression involves disrupted updating of beliefs, wherein positive and corrective information carries too little weight to revise rigid expectations about the self and the world. Across a range of neural signals, the brains of individuals with depression register…
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What Lives?
“What Lives? A Meta-Analysis of Diverse Opinions on the Definition ofLife” The question of “what is life?” has challenged scientists and philosophers for centuries, producing an array of definitions that reflect both the mystery of its emergence and the diversity of disciplinary perspectives brought to bear on the question.Despite significant progress in our understanding of…
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To explore or exploit: Individual differences in preschool decision making
“To explore or exploit: Individual differences in preschool decision making” esearch suggests a pattern of moderate early exploration (shifting from deck to deck) followed by exploitation (consistent choice from advantageous decks) characterizes good decision makers. The main goal of the current study was to use a person centered (latent profile analysis) to explore individual differences…
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Neurocognitive Dynamics: Nonergodicity and Simpson’s paradox
“Nonergodicity and Simpson’s paradox in neurocognitive dynamics of cognitive control” Nonergodicity and Simpson’s paradox present significant, yet underappreciated challenges in cognitive neuroscience. Leveraging brain imaging and behavioral data from over 4000 individuals and a Bayesian computational model of cognitive dynamics, we investigated brain-behavior relationships underlying cognitive control at both between-subjects and within-subjects levels. Strikingly, brain-behavior…
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Origins and Evolution of Imagination
“Origins and Evolution of Imagination, From Australopithecus to Modern-Day Deep Learning” Where does imagination come from? How did it originate, and which organisms are capable of imagination? What deeper connections does imagination share with consciousness, survival, and the very essence of life? Across both scientific literature and public discourse, imagination is invoked to describe a…
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The body does not keep the score
“The body does not keep the score: trauma, predictive coding, and the restoration of metastability” For nearly a decade, the idea that “the body keeps the score” has shaped public and clinical understanding of trauma. It is an enticing metaphor—implying that experience is literally inscribed in flesh, that the body bears the scars of what…
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Top-down attention shifts event boundaries
“Top-down attention shifts behavioral and neural event boundaries in narratives with overlapping event scripts” • Default mode regions represent schematic event scripts during narrative perception • Attending to an event script impacts behavioral event segmentation and memory • Neural dynamics in the mPFC reflect the event structure of an attended script Understanding and remembering the…
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The role of context in continuity and segmentation
“The role of context in continuity and segmentation” Human experience intertwines continuity, the seamless flow of events, with segmentation, the spontaneous partitioning of experience into discrete units. Despite their cognitive significance, it is unclear whether these processes operate independently or share a common mechanism. Here we explored this question by examining the link between serial…
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Athletes and other Animals
“Embodied decision making in athletes and other animals” Humans and other animals continuously make embodied decisions about ongoing or pending courses of action. Examples of embodied decisions include a hunting lioness’s decision of which gazelle to chase and a soccer player’s decision of which teammate to pass the ball to. The study of embodied decisions has recently…
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From reductionism to realism
“From reductionism to realism: holistic mathematical modelling for complex biological systems” At its core, the physics paradigm adopts a reductionist approach, aiming to understand fundamental phenomena by decomposing them into simpler, elementary processes. While this strategy has been tremendously successful in physics, it has often fallen short in addressing fundamental questions in the biological sciences.…
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Affective State as a central component to environmental changes
“Considering affective state as a central component of the response of animals to environmental changes” Current environmental changes are often considered as negatively impacting the affective state of animals. Yet, the interplay betweenenvironmental conditions and affective state should rather be viewed as a reciprocal and dynamic relationship, as variation in affective state likely determines how…
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Music as a scientific metaphor for mind and brain
“Music as a scientific metaphor for mind and brain” Metaphors have long played multiple roles in conceptualizing the mind and brain, guiding the development and refinement of theoretical models and empirical questions. Early analogies (comparing the brain to hydraulic systems, telephone exchanges, factories, or libraries) offered shortcuts to understanding aspects of cognition, memory, and brain…
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Active Construction of Past Episodes
“The active construction of past episodes” Episodic memories – declarative memories of past events, characterized by rich spatiotemporal context – play a central role in guiding perception and behaviour. Here, we advance a model that integrates episodic memories within the active inference framework. We describe how episodic memories are incorporated into the generative models used…
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Wise Machines
“Imagining and building wise machines: the centrality of AI metacognition” Although artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly smart, its wisdom has not kept pace. In this opinion article, we examine what is known about human wisdom and sketch a vision of its AI counterpart. We introduce human wisdom as strategies for solving intractable problems—those outside…
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